CNSP CERTIFICATION MATERIALS - CNSP TEST PRACTICE

CNSP Certification Materials - CNSP Test Practice

CNSP Certification Materials - CNSP Test Practice

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Tags: CNSP Certification Materials, CNSP Test Practice, Exam CNSP Lab Questions, CNSP Examinations Actual Questions, Practice CNSP Tests

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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q26-Q31):

NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following is an example of a SUID program?

  • A. /bin/ls
  • B. None of the above
  • C. /usr/bin/curl
  • D. /usr/bin/passwd

Answer: D

Explanation:
In Linux/Unix, the SUID (Set User ID) bit allows a program to execute with the owner's permissions, typically root, rather than the caller's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute field (e.g., -rwsr-xr-x). Common SUID programs perform privileged tasks requiring temporary elevation.
Analysis:
C . /usr/bin/passwd:
Purpose: Updates user passwords in /etc/shadow (root-owned, 0600 perms).
Permissions: Typically -rwsr-xr-x, owned by root. The SUID bit lets non-root users modify shadow securely.
Command: ls -l /usr/bin/passwd confirms SUID (s in user execute).
A . /bin/ls:
Purpose: Lists directory contents, no privileged access needed.
Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x (no SUID). Runs as the calling user.
B . /usr/bin/curl:
Purpose: Transfers data over HTTP/FTP, no root privileges required by default.
Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x (no SUID).
Technical Details:
SUID Bit: Set via chmod u+s <file> or chmod 4755.
Security: SUID binaries are audited (e.g., find / -perm -u=s) due to escalation risks if writable or poorly coded (e.g., buffer overflows).
Security Implications: CNSP likely highlights SUID as an attack vector (e.g., CVE-1996-0095 exploited passwd flaws). Hardening removes unnecessary SUID bits.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B: Lack SUID; no privileged operations.
D: Incorrect, as /usr/bin/passwd is a SUID example.
Real-World Context: SUID on /bin/su or /usr/bin/sudo similarly enables privilege escalation, often targeted in exploits.


NEW QUESTION # 27
According to the screenshot below, which of the following statements are correct?

  • A. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol.
  • B. The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol.
  • C. The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol.
  • D. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The screenshot is from Wireshark, a network protocol analyzer, displaying captured network traffic. The relevant columns include the source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocol, and additional information about the packets. Let's break down the details:
Destination Port Analysis: The screenshot shows multiple packets with a destination port of 443 (e.g., in the "Destination" column, entries like "172.72.61.9:443"). Port 443 is the default port for HTTPS (HTTP Secure), which is HTTP traffic encrypted using SSL/TLS. This indicates that the application is communicating over HTTPS.
Protocol Analysis: The "Protocol" column lists "TLSv1.2" for most packets (e.g., frame numbers 2000084, 2000086). TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the cryptographic protocol used by HTTPS to secure HTTP communications. This confirms that the traffic is HTTPS, not plain HTTP.
Packet Details: The "Info" column provides additional context, such as "Application Data" for TLS packets, indicating encrypted application-layer data (typical of HTTPS). There are also HTTP packets (e.g., frame 2000088), but these are likely part of the HTTPS session (e.g., HTTP/2 over TLS, as noted by "HTTP2").
Now, let's evaluate the options:
Option A: "The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol." This is correct. The destination port 443 and the use of TLSv1.2 confirm that the application is using HTTPS. HTTPS is the standard protocol for secure web communication, and port 443 is its designated port. CNSP documentation emphasizes that HTTPS traffic on port 443 indicates a secure application-layer protocol, often used for web applications handling sensitive data.
Option B: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. HTTP typically uses port 80, but the screenshot shows traffic on port 443 with TLS, indicating HTTPS. Credentials submitted over this connection would be encrypted via HTTPS, not sent in plaintext over HTTP. CNSP highlights the security risks of HTTP for credential submission due to lack of encryption, which isn't the case here.
Option C: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol." While this statement could be true (since HTTPS is in use, any credentials would likely be submitted securely), the question asks for the "correct" statement based on the screenshot. The screenshot doesn't explicitly show credential submission (e.g., a POST request with form data); it only shows the protocol and port. Option A is more directly supported by the screenshot as it focuses on the application's protocol and port, not the specific action of credential submission. CNSP notes that HTTPS ensures confidentiality, but this option requires more specific evidence of credentials.
Option D: "The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. Port 80 is the default for HTTP, but the screenshot clearly shows port 443 and TLS, indicating HTTPS. CNSP documentation contrasts HTTP (port 80, unencrypted) with HTTPS (port 443, encrypted), making this option invalid.
Conclusion: Option A is the most accurate and comprehensive statement directly supported by the screenshot, confirming the application's use of port 443 and HTTPS. While Option C might be true in a broader context, it's less definitive without explicit evidence of credential submission in the captured packets.


NEW QUESTION # 28
Where is the system registry file stored in a Microsoft Windows Operating System?

  • A. All of the above
  • B. C:Windowsdebug
  • C. C:WindowsSystem32Config
  • D. C:Windowssecurity

Answer: C

Explanation:
The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database storing configuration settings for the operating system, applications, and hardware. It's physically stored as hive files on disk, located in the directory C:WindowsSystem32Config. These files are loaded into memory at boot time and managed by the Windows kernel. Key hive files include:
SYSTEM: Contains hardware and system configuration (e.g., drivers, services).
SOFTWARE: Stores software settings.
SAM: Security Accounts Manager data (e.g., local user accounts, passwords).
SECURITY: Security policies and permissions.
DEFAULT: Default user profile settings.
USERDIFF and user-specific hives (e.g., NTUSER.DAT in C:Users<username>) for individual profiles, though these are linked to Config indirectly.
Technical Details:
Path: C:WindowsSystem32Config is the primary location for system-wide hives. Files lack extensions (e.g., "SYSTEM" not "SYSTEM.DAT") and are backed by transaction logs (e.g., SYSTEM.LOG) for recovery.
Access: Direct file access is restricted while Windows runs, as the kernel locks them. Tools like reg save or offline forensic utilities (e.g., RegRipper) can extract them.
Backup: Copies may exist in C:WindowsSystem32configRegBack (pre-Windows 10 1803) or repair folders (e.g., C:WindowsRepair).
Security Implications: The registry is a prime target for attackers (e.g., persistence via Run keys) and malware (e.g., WannaCry modified registry entries). CNSP likely emphasizes securing this directory (e.g., NTFS permissions) and auditing changes (e.g., via Event Viewer, Event ID 4657). Compromising these files offline (e.g., via physical access) can extract password hashes from SAM.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . C:Windowsdebug: Used for debug logs (e.g., memory.dmp) or tools like DebugView, not registry hives. It's unrelated to core configuration storage.
C . C:Windowssecurity: Contains security-related files (e.g., audit logs, policy templates), but not the registry hives themselves.
D . All of the above: Only B is correct; including A and C dilutes accuracy.
Real-World Context: Forensic analysts target C:WindowsSystem32Config during investigations (e.g., parsing SAM with Mimikatz offline).


NEW QUESTION # 29
Which Kerberos ticket is required to generate a Silver Ticket?

  • A. Service Account Ticket
  • B. Ticket-Granting Ticket
  • C. Session Ticket
  • D. There is no specific ticket required for generating a Silver Ticket

Answer: A

Explanation:
A Silver Ticket is a forged Kerberos Service Ticket (TGS - Ticket Granting Service) in Active Directory, granting access to a specific service (e.g., MSSQL, CIFS) without KDC interaction. Unlike a Golden Ticket (TGT forgery), it requires:
Service Account's NTLM Hash: The target service's account (e.g., MSSQLSvc) hash, not a ticket.
Forgery: Tools like Mimikatz craft the TGS (e.g., kerberos::golden /service:<spn> /user:<user> /ntlm:<hash>).
Kerberos Flow (RFC 4120):
TGT (Ticket-Granting Ticket): Obtained via AS (Authentication Service) with user creds.
TGS: Requested from TGS (Ticket Granting Service) using TGT for service access.
Silver Ticket Process:
No TGT needed; the attacker mimics the TGS step using the service account's stolen hash (e.g., from a compromised host).
C . Service Account Ticket: Misnomer-it's the hash of the service account (e.g., MSSQLSvc) that enables forgery, not a pre-existing ticket. CNSP's phrasing likely tests this nuance.
Security Implications: Silver Tickets are stealthier than Golden Tickets (service-specific, shorter-lived). CNSP likely stresses hash protection (e.g., LAPS) and Kerberos monitoring.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Session Ticket: Not a Kerberos term; confuses session keys.
B . TGT: Used for Golden Tickets, not Silver.
D: Incorrect; the service account's hash (implied by "ticket") is essential.
Real-World Context: Silver Tickets exploited in APT29 attacks (2020 SolarWinds) for lateral movement.


NEW QUESTION # 30
Which one of the following is not an online attack?

  • A. Password spraying attack
  • B. Phishing attack
  • C. Brute force attack
  • D. Rainbow table attack

Answer: D

Explanation:
Online attacks require real-time interaction with a target system (e.g., a login interface), whereas offline attacks occur without direct system interaction, typically after obtaining data like password hashes. A rainbow table attack is an offline method that uses precomputed tables of hash values to reverse-engineer passwords from stolen hash databases, distinguishing it from the other options, which are online.
Why B is correct: Rainbow table attacks are performed offline after an attacker has already acquired a hash (e.g., from a compromised database). The attacker matches the hash against precomputed tables to find the plaintext password, requiring no interaction with the target system during the attack. CNSP classifies this as an offline password recovery technique.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: Brute force attacks involve repeatedly submitting password guesses to a live system (e.g., via SSH or a web login), making it an online attack.
C: Password spraying attacks test a few common passwords across many accounts on a live system, also an online attack aimed at avoiding lockouts.
D: Phishing attacks trick users into submitting credentials through fake interfaces (e.g., emails or websites), requiring real-time interaction and thus classified as online.


NEW QUESTION # 31
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